Throughout history, institutions of higher learning have served as important pillars for advancing human knowledge, preserving culture, and driving innovation. Across the world, some of these ancient universities continue to thrive, adapting to modern education while preserving their rich legacies. Based on data from Guinness World Records and Student.com, here’s a look at the ten oldest universities in the world, many of which remain active today.
University of al-Qarawiyyin (859) – Morocco
The University of al-Qarawiyyin, founded in 859 AD in Fez, Morocco, holds the distinction of being the oldest university in the world that has continuously conferred degrees. Established by Fatima al-Fihri, the institution has served as a vital hub for Arabic and Islamic scholarship for over a thousand years.
University of Bologna (1088) – Italy
Founded in 1088, Italy’s University of Bologna holds the title of the oldest university in Europe. It significantly influenced the formation of modern university systems and continues to rank among Italy’s most renowned institutions.
University of Oxford (1096) – United Kingdom
The University of Oxford, with teaching activity traced back to 1096, is the oldest English-speaking university. Over the centuries, Oxford has educated numerous prominent figures, including scientists, world leaders, and Nobel Prize winners.
University of Paris (1150) – France
Established around the year 1150, the University of Paris emerged as a prominent centre for philosophy, theology, and legal studies. Although it was disbanded temporarily during the French Revolution, its faculties eventually evolved into today’s modern French universities.
University of Cambridge (1209) – United Kingdom
Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge was created by academics who departed Oxford after a dispute. Over time, Cambridge has grown into one of the most prestigious institutions globally, celebrated for its academic and research excellence.
University of Salamanca (1218) – Spain
Established in 1218, the University of Salamanca is one of the oldest institutions in the Spanish-speaking world. It played an influential role in shaping both Spanish legal traditions and the development of the Spanish language.
University of Padua (1222) – Italy
The University of Padua, founded in 1222, stands among Italy’s oldest and most respected universities. Notably, it was once home to the famous scientist Galileo Galilei, and it continues to uphold a reputation for academic distinction.
University of Naples Federico II (1224) – Italy
Founded in 1224 by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, the University of Naples Federico II ranks among the oldest state-funded universities globally, maintaining its position as a key institution for higher learning in Italy.
University of Siena (1246) – Italy
The University of Siena, founded in 1246, is well known for the strength of its law, medicine, and economics programs. To this day, it remains one of Italy’s leading public universities.
University of Coimbra (1290) – Portugal
Established in 1290, the University of Coimbra is the oldest university in Portugal and ranks among Europe’s most historic educational institutions. It has been a focal point for scientific and cultural progress for centuries.
